PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade in immune-antitumortherapy:advances and perspectives / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

During the past three decades, studies have shown that tumor cells could ″manipulate″host immunity to escape the immune defenses in the tumor microenvironment. One of the most important underlying mechanisms is immune-suppression regulated by programmed cell death-1 or its ligand 1 (PD- 1/ PD- L1), which makes PD- 1/PD- L1 blockadea promising target of cancer immune- therapy. Tumors could suppress immuno- response of T cells by activating PD- 1/PD- L1 signaling pathway. Therefore, inhibiting the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 could reconstitute the enduring antitumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment via enhancing the T-cell response, there after augmenting the endogenous antitumor force of the immune system. Along these lines, inhibitors of PD-1/PD-L1 has been applied in multiple clinical trials against various types of tumors. Recent studies indicated that PD-1/PD- L1 blockade have demonstrated high efficacy and safety against melanoma, lung, kidney and several other solid tumors, as well as hematological malignancies. Nevertheless, the efficacy of this checkpoint blockade approach is not universal. Some investigation suggested that lack of responses to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy of patients without PD-1/PD-L1 over-expression was expected. In this review, we summarize the history and current understanding of multiple intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms via which PD-1/PD-L1 is regulated and research advances in preclinical/clinical aspects of PD-1/PD-L1, as well as significance and perspectives regarding the PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in immune-antitumor therapy.

Effect of dietary fiber on carbohydrate metabolism in healthy volunteers with 13C breath test / 中华临床营养杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of dietary fiber on carbohydrate metabolism of healthy volunteers after the intake of corn starch meal. Methods Totally 12 healthy volunteers aged (25. 8 ± 5. 3) years were enrolled in this study, and they were equally randomly divided into two groups (group A and group B). This was an open, randomized, cross-over, and two-period study, and each period lasted for one day. In period 1, the subjects in group A received fiber-free corn starch and group B received high-fiber corn starch (containing 16 g dietary fiber). In period 2, the two groups are crossed. There was a one-week wash-out time between the two study days. On the study day, breath samples of fasting and 0. 5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0,7. 0, 8. 0 hours post meal were collected to measure13 CO2. Results The delta over baseline at 0. 5, 1.5, 2. 0,2. 5, 3. 0, 4. 0 hour after test meal in fiber free group and in high fiber group were 0. 79, 2. 03, 2. 57, 2. 86,3. 02, 3. 18 and 0. 16, 1. 33, 1.77, 2. 10, 2. 34, 2.42, respectively (the P value was 0. 014, 0. 014, 0. 011,0.018, 0. 036, and 0.020, respectively). Peak concentration of delta over baseline of fiber free group and high fiber group was 3.18 and 2. 56 respectively, there was no significant difference between two groups (P > 0. 05) ,peak time of the group at 4. 0 hour and 3. 5 hour respectively, showed significant difference (P = 0. 032). The cumulative percentage dose recovered 0. 5-6. 0 hours after test meal in fiber-free group and in high-fiber group were 0.41, 1.46, 3.15, 5.50, 8.28, 11.30, 14.42, 17. 62, 23. 65, 28. 78 and 0. 09, 0. 55, 1.61, 3.22,5.23,7.53, 10.09, 12.68, 17.60, 22.27 respectively (the P value was 0.014, 0.018, 0.018, 0.014, 0.013,0.014, 0.018, 0.020, 0.025, and 0.044, respectively). However, there was no significant difference 6.0 hours after meal (P > 0. 05 ). Conclusion The dietary fiber used in this study can delay the absorption of carbohydrate 6. 0 hours within intake without influencing its total absorption amount.

Investigation of increasing efficacy of aterial infusion of NaHCO3 to solid malignant tumors in interventional chemotherapy / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

Aim To observe the effect of interventional therapy of 5-fluorouracil(5-Fu), mitomycin C (MMC) and adriamycin (ADM) on solid malignant turmors in association with aterial infusion of NaHCO3.Methods Patients were randomly divided into two groups.With Seldinger technique,through the femoral atery to tumor atery.The patients in the control group were infused by anticarcinoma agents simply ,and patients in the treatment group were initially infused by NaHCO3,and then by NS 30 ml and anticarcinoma agents seperately. Results Partial remission (PR) in the group treated with NaHCO3 and anticarcinoma agents was significantly higher than in the group treated simply with anticarcinoma agents.Conclusion Aterial infusion of NaHCO3 into malignant tumors can increase the efficacy of ADM,MMC and 5-Fu.